大阪教育大学紀要 第Ⅱ部門 社会科学・生活科学 Memoirs of Osaka Kyoiku University Ⅱ social Science and Home Economics 阪教大紀Ⅱ
Volume:
28
Issue:
2-3
Start Page:
85
End Page:
109
Language:
ja
Type:
Article
Abstract:
清代に中国西北で勃発したいくつかのムスリムの反乱において、サラール族(撒拉爾、Salar)という少数民族がきわめて重要な役割をはたしている。サラール族はイスラーム教を信仰するチュルク系民族であり,十四世紀後半にサマルカンドから中央アジアをとおって中国西北の循化の地に移住してきたという伝承をもつ。明清代を通して、サラール族は強悍な民族として知られ、明・清両王朝の軍隊に調用されることが多かった。また十八世紀初以来、サラール族の間には西方伝来のイスラーム「新教」が拡まり、宗派間の争いは循化を争教の地と化し、官憲の介入を契機に大争乱へと発展した。本稿はこの循化サラール族史の基礎作業として、明清代のサラール族の動向を概観するものであくる。 Salars is one of the minority races in China. They inhabit in the Salar Autonomy district of Hsün-hua (循化撒拉族自治県) in Ch'ing-hai province (青海省) and etc.. They speak Turkish language and believe in Islam. Among them there is a tradition that their ancestors arrived in Hsün-hua from Samarkand conducted by a white camel, in the early years of Ming period. Salars were controled by the descendants of Karaman. They followed the plough, and sometimes were commandeered by Ming and Ch'ing Dynasty. From the era of Yung-cheng (雍正: 1723-1735) downward, Salars were separately controled by the two T'u-tssu (土司: patriarch). At that time, New Sects of Islam were propaged among Salars. It developed into the religious controvesy between New Sect (新教) and Old Sect (旧教) of Salars. In 1781, New Sect muslims of Salars uprised, and finally were supressed by Ch'ing Army, in which Old Sect muslims of Salars were commandeered. This rebellion had taken many lives of Salars, New and Old Sect. And the Salar villages were devastated. Therefore the district of residence was cut down. Before the year of 1781 their district of residence in Hsün-hua was divided in twelve kung (工), and after that year it decreased to eight kung. I don't know the original meaning of the word "kung". But I think that kung originally meant clan, and later a administrative division.
